Additions:
Nonetheless, no theoretical reason for the existence of the cosmological constant has ever been presented. We should be suspicious of a physical law without a physical cause. Fudge factors to make equations fit data are often indicative of a deeper underlying fault in theory. The existence of such a fault in general relativity is known. As seen in the ""mismatch"" of Alf and Beth’s Spacetime diagrams, and Einstein himself pointed out, the ""Levi-Civita connection"" is not consistent with classical electromagnetism. It seems unreasonable that one would be try to modify the general principle of relativity. We might suspect, as did Einstein, that the Levi-Civita connection is not correct, and that a different redshift law might result from changing it. The [[Teleconnection teleconnection]] reconciles general relativity with quantum theory and with quantum electrodynamics, and gives a redshift law consistent with [[Supernova Supernova Redshifts]] without the requirement of a cosmological constant.
Deletions:
Nonetheless, no theoretical reason for the existence of the cosmological constant has ever been presented. We should be suspicious of a physical law without a physical cause. Fudge factors to make equations fit data are often indicative of a deeper underlying fault in theory. The existence of such a fault in general relativity is known. As seen in the ""mismatch"" of Alf and Beth’s Spacetime diagrams, and Einstein himself pointed out, the ""Levi-Civita connection"" is not consistent with classical electromagnetism. It seems unreasonable that one would be try to modify the general principle of relativity. We might suspect, as did Einstein, that the Levi-Civita connection is not correct, and that a different redshift law might result from changing it. The [[Teleconnection teleconnection]] reconciles general relativity with quantum theory and with quantum electrodynamics, and gives a redshift law consistent with [[SupernovaRedshift Supernova Redshifts]] without the requirement of a cosmological constant.
Additions:
Additions:
The general principle of relativity enables us to define time from clock processes locally, and to claim that a similar definition of time is always possible anywhere in the universe, with the exception of possible ""singularities"". We require a further assumption in order to discuss universal time, or concepts like the age of the universe. This issue was addressed by [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Weyl Herman Weyl]] in 1923. Weyl argued that in order to discuss the distant we should base our ideas, in so far as is possible, on what we can observe in our own neighbourhood.
Deletions:
The general principle of relativity enables us to define time from clock processes locally, and to claim that a similar definition of time is always possible anywhere in the universe, with the exception of possible singularities. We require a further assumption in order to discuss universal time, or concepts like the age of the universe. This issue was addressed by [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Weyl Herman Weyl]] in 1923. Weyl argued that in order to discuss the distant we should base our ideas, in so far as is possible, on what we can observe in our own neighbourhood.
Additions:
Using parallel transport of photon momentum under the ""Levi-Civita connection"", there is strong evidence from supernova data and [[http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/ WMAP]] for the “concordance model” (magenta), a flat space model with ""Ω ≈ 0.27"" and ""ΩΛ ≈ 0.73"". [[Supernova Using the teleconnection]], supernova data favours an “Einstein preferred” model (cyan) with positive curvature, ""ΩΛ ≈ 0"" and ""Ω ≈ 2"".
Deletions:
Using parallel transport of photon momentum under the ""Levi-Civita connection"", there is strong evidence from supernova data and [[http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/ WMAP]] for the “concordance model” (magenta), a flat space model with ""Ω ≈ 0.27"" and ""ΩΛ ≈ 0.73"". [[SupernovaRedshift Using the teleconnection]], supernova data favours an “Einstein preferred” model (cyan) with positive curvature, ""ΩΛ ≈ 0"" and ""Ω ≈ 2"".
